Biofilm bacteria and fungi tend to have an increased resistance to disinfectants, antibiotics, and environmental stresses – such as salt, oxidizers, and low pH – making it difficult to address the problems that arise from their formation. Furthermore, biofilms can decrease the efficiency and lifetime of equipment such as heat exchangers, air and water recycling systems, etc. The formation of biofilms increases the risk of pathogen transmission in food handling facilities, drinking water systems, and medical devices. This paper describes the current experiment design including microbial strains and substrata materials and nanotopographies being considered, constraints and limitations that arise from performing experiments in space, and the next steps needed to mature the design to be spaceflight-ready.īiofilms are formed by groups of organisms that are adhered to each other by self-synthesized extracellular polymeric substances, and are ubiquitous in industrial and natural environments.

Additionally, a novel lubricant-impregnated surface will be assessed for potential Earth and spaceflight anti-biofilm applications. Thus, using Direct Laser-Interference Patterning, some material coupons will have surface patterns with periodicities equal, above or below the size of bacteria. The adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and therefore the initial biofilm formation is strongly governed by topographical surface features of about the bacterial scale. To search for potential solutions, different materials and surface topologies will be used as the substrata for microbial growth. The space-based experiment also aims at elucidating the biomechanical and transcriptomic mechanisms involved in the formation of a “column-and-canopy” biofilm architecture that has previously been observed in space. This new project aims to characterize biofilm inside the International Space Station in a controlled fashion, assessing changes in mass, thickness, and morphology. Here, the design of a NASA-supported biofilm in space project is reported.

Biofilm formation also increases the risk of human illnesses and therefore needs to be well understood to enable safe, long-duration, human space missions. Biofilm growth has been observed in Soviet/Russian (Salyuts and Mir), American (Skylab), and International (ISS) Space Stations, sometimes jeopardizing key equipment like spacesuits, water recycling units, radiators, and navigation windows.

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